A 1959 design, produced by North American Aviation for Boeing, for a reusable Dyna Soar booster. The launch vehicle, powered by two Rocketdyne E-1 engines, could put this very early Boeing Dyna Soar vehicle into a 300 nautical mile polar orbit.
A 1963-1964 design from TRW for a manned Mars exploration craft. It, like the NAA biconic design, used aerobraking at Mars. In TRW’s case, they used the same basic aerodynamic configuration that was used on early RVs for American ICBM launched nuclear warheads.
This design could also feature artificial gravity by way of tumbling, using a single 400-foot cable connected to the upper stage used to launch the craft towards Mars. For the trip home, the Mars ship itself would split apart (like the NAA design) and tumble.
The complete spacecraft would require six Saturn V flights to orbit the components which would be assembled in Earth orbit.
And after all that, all that would return to Earth are the six crew and a very small Earth re-entry vehicle. The Mars spacecraft itself would shoot on by Earth without attempting to slow down; the ERV would enter the atmosphere directly from interplanetary space.
A 1966 North American Aviation preliminary design for a biconic aeroshell-protected spacecraft for Mars exploration. Instead of using rockets (and consequently a whole lot of rocket fuel) for deceleration into Mars orbit, this design would use aerodynamic braking in the Martian atmosphere. In effect, it would drop out of interplanetary space into the upper Martian atmosphere and skip off; in the process of doing so it would have lost enough velocity to be captured into Mars orbit with minimal expenditure of propellant.
This design had an overall length of 31.0 meters and a base diameter of 17.7 meters, and a gross weight of 353,360 kilograms. The baseline mission duration was 500 days. In order to keep the astronauts bones from turning into paper and their muscles into mush, artificial gravity was designed in. The vehicle would split apart along the separation plane, with the two sections connected by a set of cables. The entire assembly would tumble end over end, creating a sufficiency of artificial gravity for crew health. Prior to Mars interface the two sections would be winched back together.
From an ebay auction, a 1966 Boeing cutaway drawing of the early swing-wing version of the 2707 SST. While the wing would have made low speed flight, in particular takeoffs and landings, more efficient and comfortable, the technology of the time would have made the wing pivot and associated systems simply too heavy and complex for a commercial system such as this. Thus the final 2707-300 SST did away with the variable geometry wing.
But damn if it wasn’t sexy.
Photo of display models (from this auction)
Found in a pile of ebay-obtained glossies – all the ones that could be identified were Boeing – was this one showing an armed and rather large hovercraft plowing over polar seas. No other data… date, identification, etc. all missing, just the image. What’s shown is a hovercraft propelled by six turbofan engines, with a very “Sea Shadow” type of semi-stealthy build, with a bunch of vertical launch tubes and what look rather like US Colonial Marine Corps sentry-guns scattered about the deck. The other artwork in the pile seemed to be from the 1970’s, so it’s a safe bet this design dates from then as well.
From slides at the NASA HQ archive, two photos of a Convair “Triamese” space shuttle concept. See HERE for more on the Triamese.
Before Challenger ruined all hope of the Space Shuttle achieving its intended goals, there were many, many ideas put forth to increase the capabilities of the STS. Numerous concepts dealt with increasing the propulsion system… increased thrust and/or increased fuel mass. One of the less obvious ideas: stuff a massively reworked Titan II first stage underneath the external tank. This would increase liftoff thrust, increasing payload delivered to orbit. While Martin Marietta put some effort behind the concept, I don’t think NASA ever really took it very seriously.
This is from a slide scanned at the NASA HQ archive.
A followup to this. This seems to raise more questions than it answers… there are only two rather small engines, which would seem insufficient to drag this thing to Mach 3, especially being up above the fuselage in a lower pressure recovery region. The wing is necessarily thick and draggy, but it looks *really* thick and draggy.
[youtube bmzsyNeUrCQ]
Another slide from the NASA HQ archive depicts a Gemini capsule landing under a Rogallo wing paraglider. The concept was given considerable study, and there was serious expectation that it would be instituted for “operational” Gemini spacecraft, such as military MOL flights and the like.
OK, here’s one of the projects I’ve been working on of late… scanning and repairing the old “Collier’s space series” articles from the early 1950’s for reprinting in the AIAA-Houston section newsletter. As far as I’m aware, this is the first time these have been republished in clear, high-rez and full color format since the original release.
For those unaware, in the early 1950’s Collier’s magazine (similar to “The Saturday Evening Post”) ran a series of articles written by the likes of Willy Ley and Werner von Braun, illustrated by the likes of Chesley Bonestell and Fred Freeman, describing what the future of manned space exploration may look like. Their vision was, to put it mildly, grandiose, and far exceeded what the actual space program became and did… but the impact on the public of these articles helped lead to the space program becoming popular with the public… and the government. The designs that were produced, such as the Ferry Rocket and “Wheel” space stations, are comfortably described as “iconic.”
The July/August 2012 issue of AIAA-Houston Horizons reprints the complete first Collier’s article from March 22, 1952. The original magazine layout included numerous ads and extraneous bits that were edited out of this reprint, and in several cases replaced with “Mini-APR” articles, several of which tie directly into the Collier’s series. This first article includes about 30 pages of the original Collier’s stuff. Future issues of Horizons will carry the complete set of Collier’s article,s including the Moon exploration and Mars exploration articles.
As always, Horizons is a free-to-download PDF. New for this issue, it is available in both high and low resolution.
Feel free to spread the word about this. The more it is downloaded from the AIAA site, the more interest is shown in it, the more might be done with this in the future.
